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La biodiversité calédonienne, reconnue comme l’une des plus exceptionnelles avec son fort taux d’endémisme, est largement menacée par l’introduction de nouvelles espèces. Il est donc important de protéger l’écosystème calédonien, à la fois riche et vulnérable, des espèces envahissantes, l’une des principales causes de perte de la biodiversité à l’échelle mondiale. Face à cette menace, le Gouvernement et les trois provinces de Nouvelle-Calédonie souhaitent mettre en place une structure collective afin de définir les orientations stratégiques nécessaires pour préserver et conserver leur biodiversité. Elles ont ainsi voulu qu’un état des connaissances soit dressé et qu’une réflexion soit menée sur la prévention, la détection précoce, l’intervention rapide, l’éradication, le confinement et le contrôle des espèces envahissantes. Cette expertise collégiale apporte les éléments nécessaires à la construction d’un système de biosécurité pertinent et efficace pour l’archipel néo-calédonien. The introduction of new species poses a major threat to New Caledonia’s biodiversity, widely known for its exceptional quality and high rate of endemism. It is therefore important to protect New Caledonia’s rich but vulnerable ecosystem from invasive species, which are one of the main causes of biodiversity loss worldwide. Confronted with this threat, the Government and the three Provinces of New Caledonia wish to set up a collective structure to define the necessary strategic guidelines for protecting and conserving biodiversity. They also wanted a state-of-the-art report and analysis of the prevention, early detection, rapid response, eradication, containment and control of invasive species. This expert group review provides the necessary elements for designing a biosecurity system that will be effective and relevant to the New Caledonian archipelago.

Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Ecology --- méthode de lutte (santé) --- diversité spécifique --- île --- plante --- animal nuisible --- conservation de la nature --- introduction d’espèces --- invasion biologique --- Nouvelle Calédonie --- prévention sanitaire --- protection de l’écosystème --- Pacifique

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La désertification est un phénomène mondial qui affecte près de la moitié de la surface de la planète, notamment en Afrique où 43 % des terres se trouvent dans des zones arides ou semi-arides. La lutte contre la désertification dans ces milieux constitue une des priorités majeures des États sahélo-sahariens du Circum-Sahara. L’ « Initiative africaine Grande Muraille Verte » (IAGMV) répond à ces enjeux via un ensemble d’actions destinées à assurer le développement socio-économique régional. Elle signe l’émergence d’un leadership de l’Afrique dans la prise en charge de ses défis environnementaux, à travers la gestion durable et la valorisation de l’important potentiel de développement des zones arides du continent. Malgré l’acquisition de connaissances scientifiques et techniques dans les domaines liés à la gestion durable des terres en zones arides, la majeure partie de ces données n’ont pas été capitalisées et diffusées, ce qui fragilise la mise en place des différentes politiques de lutte contre la désertification. Cet ouvrage a ainsi pour objectif de faire l’état des lieux des connaissances et initiatives sur la gestion des problématiques de la désertification. Il capitalise les résultats, les expériences, les techniques et autres données issues de la recherche scientifique, mais aussi des pratiques et des savoirs traditionnels acquis au cours des cinquante dernières années. Il propose les recommandations qui en découlent afin d’optimiser les stratégies et les performances des programmes et projets de l’ « Initiative Grande Muraille Verte ». Il s’adresse aux chercheurs, hydrologues, écologues, agronomes ainsi qu’aux développeurs et aménageurs investis dans les programmes de lutte contre la désertification.

Agriculture --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Agriculture - General --- Great Green Wall (Project) --- Sahel --- Environmental conditions. --- African initiative--Great Green Wall --- African Union. --- Community of Sahel-Saharan States. --- GGW --- GMV --- Grande muraille verte (Project) --- IAGMV --- Initiative africaine de la Grande muraille verte --- Initiative africaine--Grande muraille verte --- Initiative Grande muraille verte --- PAGMV --- Projet panafricain de la Grande muraille verte --- African Union --- Community of Sahel-Saharan States --- méthode de lutte (santé) --- développement rural --- reforestation --- arbre --- conservation de la nature --- désertification --- plante utile --- sylviculture --- plantation --- biotechnologie --- environnement --- gestion de l’environnement

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En progression rapide dans toutes les régions chaudes, la dengue ou « fièvre dengue » est la maladie à vecteur la plus répandue dans le monde. L’expansion de ses formes hémorragiques, qui peuvent être mortelles, est devenue particulièrement inquiétante, d’autant qu’en l’absence de vaccins ou de nouveaux traitements, l’unique moyen d’enrayer la maladie consiste à lutter contre le moustique vecteur. Il ressort des contributions réunies dans cette expertise collégiale qu’à côté des techniques de démoustication présentées en détail dans le volume, un travail en réseau est indispensable pour surveiller et prendre en charge cette pathologie. Il apparaît également nécessaire, ce qui n’est pas le plus facile, de convaincre les populations d’éliminer elles-mêmes les réserves d’eau (mares, flaques, récipients...) où le moustique se reproduit, une autre mesure essentielle proposée dans cette expertise. Dengue, or dengue fever, is the most widespread vector-borne disease on the planet and is spreading rapidly in all the world’s hot regions. The spread of its hemorrhagic forms, which can be fatal, is particularly worrying, especially as without a vaccine or a new treatment, the only way to halt the disease is to control the mosquito that carries it. From the papers that make up this report, it emerges that alongside the mosquito-control methods described by the authors, networking is essential for surveillance and medical care of dengue. The report also highlights the need to persuade the population (and this is not the easiest task) to take on themselves the essential work of eradicating pools, puddles and receptacles where water collects and mosquitoes can breed.

Public Health Practice --- Disease Transmission, Infectious --- Flavivirus Infections --- Community Health Services --- Arbovirus Infections --- Consumer Organizations --- Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral --- Flaviviridae Infections --- Organizations --- RNA Virus Infections --- Public Health --- Health Services --- Virus Diseases --- Environment and Public Health --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Diseases --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Health Care --- Consumer Participation --- Communicable Disease Control --- Dengue --- Disease Vectors --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Healthcare Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Infectious Disease Vectors --- Disease Vector --- Disease Vector, Infectious --- Disease Vectors, Infectious --- Infectious Disease Vector --- Vector, Disease --- Vector, Infectious Disease --- Vectors, Disease --- Vectors, Infectious Disease --- Break-Bone Fever --- Breakbone Fever --- Classical Dengue --- Classical Dengue Fever --- Dengue Fever --- Break Bone Fever --- Classical Dengue Fevers --- Classical Dengues --- Dengue Fever, Classical --- Dengue, Classical --- Fever, Break-Bone --- Fever, Breakbone --- Fever, Dengue --- Parasite Control --- Control, Communicable Disease --- Control, Parasite --- Communicable Diseases --- Community Involvement --- Public Participation --- Community Action --- Consumer Involvement --- Action, Community --- Actions, Community --- Community Actions --- Community Involvements --- Consumer Involvements --- Involvement, Community --- Involvement, Consumer --- Involvements, Community --- Participation, Community --- Participation, Consumer --- Participation, Public --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Viral Diseases --- Viral Infections --- Virus Infections --- Disease, Viral --- Disease, Virus --- Diseases, Viral --- Diseases, Virus --- Infection, Viral --- Infection, Virus --- Infections, Viral --- Infections, Virus --- Viral Disease --- Viral Infection --- Virus Disease --- Virus Infection --- Services, Health --- Health Service --- Service, Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Public --- Infections, RNA Virus --- Infection, RNA Virus --- RNA Virus Infection --- Virus Infection, RNA --- Virus Infections, RNA --- Non-Governmental Organizations --- Nongovernmental Organizations --- Organizations, Nongovernmental --- Non Governmental Organizations --- Non-Governmental Organization --- Nongovernmental Organization --- Organization --- Organization, Non-Governmental --- Organization, Nongovernmental --- Organizations, Non-Governmental --- Organizations, Consumer --- Consumer Organization --- Organization, Consumer --- Arbovirus Infection --- Infection, Arbovirus --- Infections, Arbovirus --- Community Healthcare --- Health Services, Community --- Services, Community Health --- Community Health Care --- Care, Community Health --- Community Health Service --- Community Healthcares --- Health Care, Community --- Health Service, Community --- Healthcare, Community --- Healthcares, Community --- Service, Community Health --- Infections, Flaviviridae --- Flaviviridae Infection --- Infection, Flaviviridae --- Infections, Flavivirus --- Flavivirus Infection --- Infection, Flavivirus --- Autochthonous Transmission --- Communicable Disease Transmission --- Horizontal Transmission of Infection --- Horizontal Transmission of Infectious Disease --- Infection Transmission --- Infection Transmission, Horizontal --- Infectious Disease Transmission --- Infectious Disease Transmission, Horizontal --- Pathogen Transmission --- Pathogen Transmission, Horizontal --- Transmission of Infectious Disease --- Transmission, Infectious Disease --- Autochthonous Transmissions --- Disease Transmission, Communicable --- Infection Horizontal Transmission --- Transmission, Autochthonous --- Transmission, Communicable Disease --- Transmission, Infection --- Transmission, Pathogen --- Transmissions, Autochthonous --- Disease --- Health Practice, Public --- Health Practices, Public --- Practice, Public Health --- Practices, Public Health --- Public Health Practices --- Fever, Viral Hemorrhagic --- Fevers, Viral Hemorrhagic --- Hemorrhagic Fever, Viral --- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever --- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers --- prevention & control --- transmission --- Disease Reservoirs --- Infectious Disease Medicine --- Disease Eradication --- Political Activism --- Delivery of Health Care --- Patient Care Planning --- Community Health --- Health, Community --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Public Health Administration --- Social Work --- Community Health Planning --- Fomites --- Community Participation. --- Disease Vectors. --- prevention & control. --- organization & administration. --- French Guiana. --- Guadelooupe. --- Nartubuqye, --- Guadeloupe. --- méthode de lutte (santé) --- Guyane française --- densité de population --- vecteur (santé) --- insecticide chimique --- dengue --- virus --- surveillance épidémiologique --- Guadeloupe --- prévention sanitaire --- Martinique --- moustique